Tobacco and Health
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Sep 2022

Considering the growing trend of smoking among university students and the important role of students in the future of society, it is necessary to recognize the components and dimensions of this behavior to design effective interventions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the lived experience of smoking students.

This is a phenomenological qualitative study. The study population included students studying at Fasa University of Medical Sciences with smoking experience. Seven students were investigated using in-depth interviews and purposive and snowballing sampling. Sampling was continued until data saturation. Interviews were conducted and analyzed at the same time using Colaizzi method through MAXQDA software version 10.

The results of the present study indicated that the lived experience of smoking students consists of two main themes: positive experiences which included subcategories such as feeling peace, being prestigious, and attracting the attention of the opposite sex and negative experiences included subcategories of feeling guilty, physical-psychological problems, and social stigma.

The results of the present study provide the basis for recognizing the problems of university students to reduce the smoking-related problems. These results can be used for educational and cultural interventions and emotional and social support as well as for improving the educational and life style.

Stress, as the most common issue in human life, has become one of the characteristics of modern life. Nurses, due to the challenging nature of their profession, are constantly exposed to stress. According to studies, job stress is related to smoking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of drug use and its relationship with job stress in nurses in Bandar Abbas.

This study was a descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population included all nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in 2018 with a sample size of 488 people. Data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the active and inactive drug use questionnaire, and the Osipow Job Stress questionnaire. SPSS version 19.0 was used for data analysis.

The mean score of job stress was 179.16±31.55 in men and 177.44±24.39 in women. According to the Mann-Whitney test, there was a significant difference between the levels of tobacco use and levels of marriage in terms of stress scores (P=0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between age and stress (P=0.001).

The results of the present study showed that nurses, due to their stressful job, can be constantly exposed to high-risk behaviors to address these stresses and conflicts; therefore, policymakers should develop well-written programs to address these pressures.

Tobacco consumption is one of the major public health concerns worldwide which can have adverse effects on human health. An awareness of the status of tobacco consumption and identification of its affecting factors constitute the first step in tobacco control programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe consumption among residents in Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan province.

In general, 853 residents of Bandar Abbas were chosen through the cluster sampling method and by referring to their houses and interviewing them. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test, along with the odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%.

The prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe consumption in men and women was 14.8% and 0.9%, as well as 5.6% and 5.4%, respectively. Male gender (OR=18.26; 95% CI: 6.58-50.65), marital status of those married once (OR=2.91; 95% CI: 1.24-6.85), academic education (OR=0.48; 95% CI: 0.25-0.93), father’s diploma and above (OR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.15 – 0.83), mother’s diploma and above (OR=0.36; 95% CI: 0.13-0.99) were associated with cigarette smoking. The other related factors were employee (OR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.20-3.30), self-employed (OR=3.13; 95% CI: 1.87- 5.24), and age (OR=12.57; 95% CI: 2.86-55.24 for age ≥ 50 years). No significant relationship was found between demographic factors and tobacco smoking.

Cigarette and waterpipe smoking is a multidimensional health problem and has a close relationship with different demographic and social factors. Planning for enhancing health and mitigating the damages resulting from tobacco consumption is essential for promoting healthcare.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exposure to hookah smoke on the respiratory capacity of employees working in hookah cafes in Bandar Abbas.

A total of 75 employees of hookah cafes and 64 people in the control group were the target population. Participants without a history of smoking, diabetes, and hypertension were included in the study. First, the height and weight of subjects were measured and then a respiratory test was performed by an occupational medicine specialist. At the same time, a checklist was completed, which contained demographic characteristics, history of working in hookah cafes, pulmonary diseases, hypertension, smoking, exercising, and a second job.

The mean age of the case and control groups was found to be 31.41 and 30.73 years, respectively. The mean values of the indices in the case and the control groups were as follows: forced expiratory volume (FEV1): 84.4% and 89.9%, forced vital capacity (FVC): 91.5% and 91.1%, forced expiratory flow 25-75 (FEF25-75): 78.7% and 75.9%, and peak expiratory flow (PEF): 87.2% and 95.2%, respectively. A significant relationship was found between exposure to hookah smoke and the lung capacity of employees working in hookah cafes (P <0.001).

Based on the findings of the study and in order to reduce passive exposure to hookah smoke and its negative consequences, officials should review and apply strict rules on hookah use and monitor and control the air quality inside hookah cafes.

Tobacco has a high level of carcinogenic components. The maximum effect of the component is on the oral cavity and the location of tobacco. Quantitative studies were conducted according to the oral effect of tobacco usage by people of the south of Iran, specifically in Hormozgan province. In this experiment, the prevalence of oral lesions was studied in people who use tobacco in Hormozgan province in 2018.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 395 patients were examined on oral lesions in Hormozgan province. Data were collected and described by a mean frequency table and then analyzed by an inferential statistical test such as the 2-dimensional chi-square test by SPSS, version 23 (P<0.05).

Experiments showed that 75.5% (299 from 395) of patients had mucosal lesions. The most lesions were tobacco pouch, wound, white plaque, and erythematic lesions. In addition, a significant correlation was found among parameters, including all mucosal lesions with time, all mucosal lesions with age (except wound), white plaque and erythematic mucosal lesions with smoking, tobacco pouch, and white plaque with alcohol use. However, no significant correlation was observed between oral mucosal lesions with a history of family oral lesions, tobacco pouch and wound with cigarette usage, and wound and erythematic lesions with alcohol use.

Compared with other studies, oral mucosal lesions were highly prevalent in Hormozgan province. The possibility of oral mucosal lesions increases as one gets older; in addition, the duration of tobacco usage is a primary factor for the lesions.

Smoking cigarettes is among the strongly addictive habits and is a prevalent cause of a wide range of diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the factors that affect cigarette smoking in adolescents.

Persian and English databases including Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, Proquest, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, and IranMedex published from January 2005 to July 2022 were examined by systematic review method due to their comprehensiveness and containing the closest articles related to the subject of the present study. There were no restrictions when searching the electronic database regarding the duration of intervention, type of participants, and place of the study. The key terms searched for were adolescence OR young adult OR youth OR teenagers OR boys OR girls OR children AND uptake AND factors affecting smoking AND adolescent smoking.

In the initial search, 803 articles were retrieved from different databases. According to the inclusion criteria in the study and the elimination of duplicate articles, 56 articles were included in the study. The majority of studies were cross-sectional. All studies contained middle and high school students, one study included students, and one study included employed and non-employed youth. In adolescents, different variables at personal, family, psychological, social, and educational levels were considered effective on smoking behavior. Meanwhile, the relationship between smoking and the impact of family members and friends was more prominent.

To reduce smoking in adolescents, male students should be targeted before they enter high school.

Over the past decades, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has entered into the tobacco industry as a safe alternative to combustible cigarettes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of e-cigarette on smoking cessation.

Related studies were extracted by specific keywords from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The inclusion criterion was the relevance of the studies to the aim of the study from 2010 to 2022. Finally, the contents were summarized by content analysis.

Due to the non-combustible property of tobacco, many people consider it less harmful. Other features such as different flavors, availability, and modern appearance make it user-friendly. Nevertheless, numerous studies declared the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on the lungs, platelets, and vascular tissue because of the formation of new suspected toxic compounds. Moreover, it has been reported that the use of e-cigarettes not only does not contribute to smoking cessation but also increases people’s desire to conventional smoking, especially in e-liquids containing nicotine.

The potential of e-cigarette as a safe tool for smoking cessation remains debatable. In addition, due to the greater attraction of young adults, countries should enact laws regarding the distribution, access, and prohibitions.

Tobacco smoke includes over 4,000 potentially harmful components. This study aimed to collect relevant content to evaluate the association between smoking and sinonasal diseases. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases were searched for related articles from inception until 2021. Of the overall 560 retrieved articles, 67 cases remained for review after the exclusion of duplicates and unrelated papers. Tobacco smoke, whether first- or second-hand, is harmful to the nose and sinuses. Smoking is linked to various sinonasal disorders, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), olfactory impairment, nasal polyps, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, and certain cancers. The formation of bacterial biofilms, dysfunctional mucociliary clearance, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and structural changes appear to be some of the potential mechanisms through which tobacco smoke affects the sinuses and the nose. Clinicians should consider the negative consequences of smoking on sinonasal disorders when treating patients with these conditions. Cessation of smoking may benefit these patients’ health.